Introduction................................................................................................xi
Windows DMA................................................................................3
Business Problems, Architectural Solutions..............................................3
Application Architectures...................................................................4
Components......................................................................................8
Three-Tier Enablers...........................................................................8
Windows DNA Architecture.................................................................10
The Component Object Model.........................................................10
The Presentation Layer.....................................................................11
The Business Layer...........................................................................12
The Data Access Layer.....................................................................14
SUMMARY..........................................................................................15
The Component Object Model........................................................17
Why COM?.........................................................................................17
The COM Programming Model............................................................19
Objects...........................................................................................20
Interfaces........................................................................................21
Classes...........................................................................................29
Components....................................................................................30
Distributed COM..................................................................................36
COM Security.................................................................................37
Registration Revisited.......................................................................38
Remote Activation and Marshaling..................................................43
Automation..........................................................................................46
The IDispatch Interface....................................................................47
Type Libraries.................................................................................49
Dual Interfaces................................................................................50
SUMMARY..........................................................................................52
Data Access Fundamentals............................................................53
WhyMDAC?.......................................................................................53
Accessing Data....................................................................................54
ODBC.............................................................................................55
Universal Storage............................................................................55
Universal Data Access.....................................................................56
OLEDB................................................................................................57
ActiveX Data Objects...........................................................................60
Remote Data Service............................................................................62
SUMMARY..........................................................................................65
Microsoft Transaction Server..........................................................67
WhyMTS?...........................................................................................67
The Many Faces of MTS.......................................................................69
MTS as an ORB...............................................................................70
MTS as a COM Surrogate...............................................................72
MTS as a TP-Monitor.......................................................................72
The Application Server Programming Model.........................................80
Making It Easier..............................................................................80
Scalability Through Sharing.............................................................81
Rule 1: Call SetComplete.................................................................81
Rule 2: Acquire and Hold Interface Pointers.....................................85
Rule 3: Use and Release Resources..................................................85
Rule 4: Use Role-Based Security.......................................................86
Rule 5: Use Transactions..................................................................91
SUMMARY..........................................................................................94
ART
Active Server Pages.......................................................................95
Why ASP?...........................................................................................95
Automation Components.................................................................97
The ASP Programming Model..........................................................98
Three-Tier Application Architectures.....................................................98
Integration with MTS............................................................................99
SUMMARY........................................................................................TOO
Extending the Reach of MTS........................................................101
COM on UNIX...................................................................................101
XA Interoperability.............................................................................102
COM Transaction Integrator...............................................................104
The COMTI Architecture................................................................104
Creating a COMTI Automation Component....................................106
Microsoft Message Queue Server.......................................................106
Message Queuing.........................................................................107
Using MSMQ................................................................................108
SUMMARY........................................................................................110
Application Definition and Modeling............................................113
Creating an Application Definition.....................................................113
Defining the Business Problem .......................................................113
Defining the Functional Specifications............................................115
Establishing Application Requirements...........................................116
Modeling the Application...................................................................122
Modeling Persistent Data...............................................................122
Designing Classes.........................................................................127
Modeling the Data Objects............................................................130
Modeling the Business Objects.......................................................137
Modeling the Presentation Layer....................................................142
Defining the Physical Architecture.......................................................143
Grouping Classes into Components...............................................143
Grouping Components into Packages and Processes......................144
Assigning Packages and Processes to Machines.............................144
Documenting the Physical Architecture...........................................144
SUMMARY........................................................................................147
Щ Building Data Objects..................................................................149
Moving from Design to Implementation...............................................149
Implementing Components for MTS....................................................150
Data Object Technologies..................................................................153
Programming with ADO................................................................154
Implementing Data Objects................................................................159
Implementing db_CategoryC in Visual Basic..................................160
Implementing db_CustomerPassworc/C in Visual Basic....................181
A Quick Look at db_CustomerC.....................................................193
Implementing Data Objects in Visual C++......................................196
SUMMARY........................................................................................214
U Building Business Objects............................................................215
Moving from Design to Implementation...............................................215
Implementing Components for MTS....................................................216
Composing Functionality...............................................................217
Managing State............................................................................221
Handling Errors.............................................................................226'
Securing Access to Your Components............................................228
Building Business Objects...................................................................230
Implementing bus_PaymenfC in Visual Basic..................................230
Implementing bus_/nvo/ceC in C++................................................238
Implementing uti/_TafceANumber Using the SPM............................255
SUMMARY........................................................................................261
fy Packaging the Components.........................................................263
Packages...........................................................................................263
Designing Packages...........................................................................265
Activation.....................................................................................266
Shared Resources..........................................................................266
Fault Isolation................................................................................267
Security Isolation...........................................................................267
Island Hopper Package Design......................................................268
Building Packages..............................................................................269
Creating Packages........................................................................270
Adding Components to a Package.................................................271
Setting Activation Properties..........................................................272
Configuring Security......................................................................273
Setting Transaction Properties........................................................278
Exporting Packages..........................................,............................280
SUMMARY........................................................................................282
Building the Presentation Layer....................................................283
Moving from Design to Implementation...............................................283
Types of Presentation Layer Applications........................................284
Selecting a Presentation Layer Architecture....................................285
Implementing Presentation Layers.......................................................290
Using Business Objects..................................................................290
Using RDS to Access Remote Objects.............................................293
Using Data-Binding.......................................................................294
Using ASP.....................................................................................295
Using Client-Side Components.......................................................297
Implementing the Island Hopper Application Presentation Layer..........298
Design Decisions...........................................................................298
Implementing the Classifieds Application .......................................298
Implementing the Internet Client.....................................................306
SUMMARY........................................................................................316
Debugging and Troubleshooting..................................................317
Component-Level Testing....................................................................317
Local Testing......................................................................................319
Debugging MTS Components........................................................320
Traces and Asserts........................................................................324
Decoding Error Messages..............................................................326
Troubleshooting Database Problems..............................................326
MTS Tools for Troubleshooting.......................................................327
The Windows NT Event Viewer......................................................330
Testing the Distributed Application.....................................................332
SUMMARY........................................................................................333
Performance Validation...............................................................335
Why Validate?...................................................................................335
The Validation Process.......................................................................336
Defining Performance Requirements...............................................337
Measuring Performance................................................................339
Identifying and Eliminating Bottlenecks..........................................341
Common Bottlenecks..........................................................................345
SQL Server Bottlenecks..................................................................345
Data Access Bottlenecks.................................................................345
Transaction Bottlenecks..................................................................346
Other Bottlenecks..........................................................................347
SUMMARY........................................................................................347
Щ Deploying Your Distributed Application........................................349
Choosing a Topology.........................................................................349
Integrating into the Existing Enterprise...........................................350
Meeting Performance Needs..........................................................350
Common Deployment Configurations.............................................351
Fault Tolerance..............................................................................357
The Deployment Process.....................................................................358
Installing a Prebuilt Package..........................................................359
Creating a Client Install Program...................................................360
Finalizing Package Settings...........................................................361
Installing Client Programs..............................................................363
SUMMARY........................................................................................364
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Extending the Application............................................................367
Developing Components with COMTI.................................................367
Using the Component Builder........................................................368
Configuring a COMTI Component.................................................371
Developing Applications with MSMQ.................................................373
The MSMQ Application Model......................................................373
Programming MSMQ Applications................................................375
Configuring MSMQ Application Components................................381
SUMMARY........................................................................................381
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